Computer components video

What is BIOS?

- Stands for Basic Input/Output System.
- The BIOS is a chip on the motherboard that contains a small amount of software that identifies your hardware and instructs your computer where to look for the Operating System.

What is its purpose?

- The first job for the BIOS is the power-on self-test, which initializes and identifies system devices such as the CPU, RAM, video display card, keyboard and mouse, hard disk drive, optical disc drive and other hardware.

- The BIOS stores the date, the time, and your system configuration information in a battery-powered.

- Beep codes are used by the BIOS during the POST to report certain initial system errors. (it typically means that the system has encountered some kind of problem before it was able to display any kind of error information on the monitor.

How to access BIOS?

Boot (or restart) the PC: Pay close attention to the first screen that appears. Look for a message that indicates which key you need to press in order to access the BIOS. That key is likely to be:
--A Function key (such as F1, F2, or F3).
--The Esc key.
--The Delete key.

By entering the BIOS you can change many sittings like:

1- boot order.

2- change time and date.

3- set a password.

 

NOTE : if you made anymistakes any your computer didnt boot you can rest the BIOS to it is defult by entering it or by the jumper.

Computer components

Computer Hardware
Component	Image	Descreption	Purpose
Computer Case		A Computer Case is the outer shell of a computer. This case is what the motherboard, hard drives, cd drives, etc are mounted to make the complete computer.	In my view, the case is used to hold all components together while improving airflow and protection against damage.
Motherboard		A Motherboard is the main circuit board in your computer that the CPU, memory, video cards, etc plug into.	The main purpose of the motherboard is to allow other components to communicate to each other via the motherboard
CPU		The Central Processing Unit (CPU), also known as CPU, is the main processing chip of a computer. This chip processes the information that the various components in the computer pass to it. In current times the speed of the CPU is rated in Mhz or Ghz.	It is responsible for all the processing of the computer unless there is another process that does the job like a Graphics Processing Unit or Physics Processing Unit.
RAM		Random Access Memory (RAM) is the "working memory" in a computer. Additional RAM allows a computer to work with more information at the same time which can have a dramatic effect on total system performance.	that the data and programs that we use on our computer, which is stored in RAM can be accessed by the processor quicker. The more RAM a computer has, the faster the PC is.
Monitor		The term "monitor" is often used synonymously with "computer screen" or "display."	To display text and graphics, produced by a computer.
Hard Disk		The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a computer.	A hard disk is a device that is used to store large amounts of data in a computer system.
Optical disk drive		A storage medium from which data is read and to which it is written by lasers. Optical drives retrieve and/or store data on optical discs like CDs, DVDs, and BDs (Blu-ray discs).	Some drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both readers and recorders, also called burners or writers.
Power Supply		A power supply is a hardware component that supplies power to an electrical device.	converts the power received from the wall outlet to the power power needed to supply power to the mother board and all other components within the PC.
Graphic card		A graphics card is responsible for processing and sending images to be displayed on your monitor.	to improve the video and graphics capabilities of your computer.
PCI-Slots		A PCI or Peripheral Component Interconnect slot is a slot used to connect additional extension cards to a PC.	to provide a medium to expand the capabilities of the PC, by adding like modems cards, audio cards, ethernet cards.
Floppy drive		A Floppy Drive - A device that allows your computer to read floppy disks.	to read floppy disks which is a small disk drive used in computers for data transfer, storage and backup of small amounts of data, as well as installation of programs and driver updates.

What is DHCP?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client/server protocol that automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and other related configuration information such as the subnet mask and default gateway. It allows hosts to obtain necessary TCP/IP configuration information from a DHCP server.

What is an operating system?

-          An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is a vital component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs require an operating system to function.

There are many different kinds such as:

Microsoft:

-          Windows XP: Starter, Home edition, Professional.

-          Windows Server: 2008,2003.

-          Windows Vista: Starter, Home edition, Professional, Ultimate.

-          Windows 7 : Starter, Home edition, Professional, Ultimate.

Linux:

-          Ubuntu.

-          Edubuntu.

-          Kubuntu.

-          Lubuntu.

 To install an operating system you need to do the following steps:

First: Pre-Installation:

1-      Decide what you would like to do and find out the minimum + maximum requirements.

2-      Back up your data, in case an error happens in the installation process.

3-      Boot up.

Second:  Installation.

1-      Start the installation

2-      Choose which installation you want, a clean one or an upgrade.

3-      Partition your hard drive.

4-      Follow the instruction and fill with information when it needed.

5-      Reboot.

Third: Post-Installation.

6-     Check the drivers from control panel (device manager).

7-     Configure the security setting such as updates and firewall.

8-     Install an anti-virus to avoid damage.

Basic questions

Basic computer questions:

1)      what is a computer:- a computer is an electronic device consisting of many components that carry out arithmetic and logical operations

2)      what is a program:- A program is a set of instructions written by a programmer to perform specific tasks

3)       algorithm:- is a computer technique used to get the job done

4)       Software:- is a collection of programs that provide the instructions for a computer

5)      Hardware:- refers to the physical parts that make up a computer system

6)       Execution:- is the process by which a virtual machine/OS carries out a process


7)   Computer Systems :- A system of interconnected computers that share a central storage system and various peripheral devices such as a printers, scanners, or routers. 


8) Operating System :-  It is a collection of softwares that manages computer hardware 

resources and provides common services for computer program

Sizes of data :

Name	Size in Bytes
Bit	One bit	1
Byte	Eight bits	8
Kilobyte	Thousand	10^3
Megabyte	million	10^6
Gigabyte	billion	10^9
Terrabyte	trillion	10^12
Petabyte	Quadrillion	10^15
Exabyte	Quintillion	10^18
Zettabyte	Sextillion	10^21
Yottabyte	septillion	10^24